Exam 2
Question 1 of 20 5.0
Points
__________ theories hold that certain actions or practices
are inherently right or wrong.
A. Consequentialist
B. Utilitarian
C. Deontological
D. Ethical
Question 2 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the textbook, all of the following are true
about a person’s possible opposition to technological violations of natural
orders EXCEPT:
A. they are sometimes based on concern about long-term
consequences of intervention.
B. they can be based on religious beliefs.
C. they often stem from the longevity of a particular
practice.
D. they stem from a lack of education.
Question 3 of 20 5.0
Points
Ethical conflict over cases of cross-border and
multigenerational pollution is an example of a dispute relating to:
A. violations of established world orders.
B. violations of supposedly exceptionless principles.
C. distribution of science- or technology-related benefits.
D. exposure to significant harm without prior consent.
Question 4 of 20 5.0
Points
Sometimes the availability of technological advances causes
individuals to experience conflicts concerning their cherished values. Examples
of these conflicts discussed in your textbook include all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. the right to the pursuit of happiness.
B. death with dignity.
C. right to privacy.
D. human life preservation.
Question 5 of 20 5.0
Points
A large number of individual acts of negligible adverse
impact can result in substantial harm when considered in total. These outcomes
are referred to as:
A. public harms of aggregation.
B. conflicts between individual and social justice.
C. practitioner problems.
D. problems of “positive” rights.
Question 6 of 20 5.0
Points
_________ arise primarily inside the spheres of science and
technology.
A. Science- or technologically-precipitated value conflicts
B. Science- or technology-engendered “positive
rights”
C. Practitioner problems
D. Problems of public aggregation
Question 7 of 20 5.0
Points
Ethical problems related to __________ indicate that freedom
of scientific inquiry is not an absolute, unconditional, inviolable right.
A. distributive justices
B. whistle-blowing
C. consideration of long-term effects
D. fraud and misrepresentation
Question 8 of 20 5.0
Points
The text suggests that, ultimately, science- or
technology-related courses of action should be granted ethical approval only
if:
A. the expected benefits of an action outweigh its expected
costs.
B. projected outcomes yield at least as large a surplus of
beneficial consequences over harmful consequences as that of any available
alternative.
C. the action will make everyone better off, and yield the
greatest benefit to those currently in worst positions.
D. the projected harmful consequences are below a set
quantitative threshold and are greatly outweighed by their positive
counterparts.
Question 9 of 20 5.0
Points
Paul Alcorn maintains that the distinction between human and
animal manipulation of the natural environment to create artifacts is:
A. technology.
B. the ethical application of technology.
C. choice.
D. creativity and adaptation.
Question 10 of 20 5.0
Points
According to Paul Alcorn, technology is all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. a whole collection of methodology and artificial
constructs created by human beings to increase their probability of survival.
B. essentially a means of manipulating natural laws to our
benefit by constructing objects and methodology that increases our efficiency
and reduces waste in our lives.
C. a way to increase our standard of living by generating
more income.
D. is represented by artifacts that are manufactured for specific
use.
Question 11 of 20 5.0
Points
__________ is the resistance to changes in our culture that
extends to any technological device that may come along; because of this
resistance, the passage of time is necessary before a new technology will filter
throughout society.
A. Homeostasis
B. Technophobia
C. Psychological trauma
D. Complexity
Question 12 of 20 5.0
Points
Because of __________ some of the elements of a system
cannot be seen but can affect the operation of a system; this is important
because we must realize that what can’t be seen can still cause harm.
A. complexity
B. dynamics
C. intransparence
D. ignorance and mistaken hypotheses
Question 13 of 20 5.0
Points
According to Tim Healy, the Internet is an example of the
unanticipated consequences of technology because:
A. its impact on human behavior is predictable.
B. the ramifications of its influence are negligible.
C. its influence on all humans throughout the 21st century
is still unknown.
D. its use is not consistent throughout the world.
Question 14 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following does Healy conclude about the unanticipated
consequences of technology?
A. Life is not as complex as we like to think it is.
B. Uncertainty cannot be reduced because there is no way to
predict the future.
C. Only significant actions have unanticipated consequences.
D. Short-term and long-term values are often different and
contradictory.
Question 15 of 20 5.0
Points
About __________ of processed food that is produced in the
United States contains some genetically modified ingredients.
A. 62%
B. 33%
C. 75%
D. 44%
Question 16 of 20 5.0
Points
According to your textbook, the first genetically modified
food was produced:
A. 8,000 years ago.
B. in 1994.
C. in 2004.
D. in 2005.
Question 17 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following is NOT a risk of genetically modified
foods listed by your textbook?
A. Economic loss by small-scale farmers
B. Economic loss due to longer shelf life of some products
C. Inadvertent death in humans
D. Loss of public trust due to lack of labeling
Question 18 of 20 5.0
Points
Individuals might blow the whistle if they believe:
A. their company is breaking the law.
B. their company is involved in acts that are financially
profitable but morally wrong.
C. the actions of the company are potentially dangerous.
D. All of the above
Question 19 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Whistle-blowing often occurs when an individual believes
that decision making by a company or the government may be breaking the law.
B. Ethics codes are often too broad to capture the ethical
issues that confront companies.
C. Ethical behavior inevitably produces an economic cost to
a firm.
D. Whistle-blowers often come from senior positions, since
these are the people who have the most control over or have the most knowledge
about what is occurring within the corporation.
Question 20 of 20 5.0
Points
It is believed that the Challenger explosion could have been
prevented if:
A. the crew inside the Challenger had received more training
prior to the mission.
B. if the management team had ignored Boisjoly.
C. if the seal had leaked.
D. the Challenger was sent into space at warmer
temperatures.
Exam 3
Part 1 of 1 – 100.0
Points
Question 1 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the textbook, there is a finite amount of time
that our civilization can exist based on which of the following?
A. Our civilization is based on non-renewable resources.
B. Our production of nuclear weapons will lead to mass
destruction.
C. At the present birth and death rates, our population will
outgrow its capacity to feed itself.
D. Plagues and diseases from non-industrialized countries
will kill the population.
Question 2 of 20 5.0
Points
Behind the United States, the world’s second largest emitter
of energy-related emissions is:
A. Mexico.
B. China.
C. The Soviet Union.
D. Europe.
Question 3 of 20 5.0
Points
In the year 2000, fossil fuels accounted for __________ of
energy use while new renewable sources accounted for only __________.
A. 50%; 12%
B. 70%; 5%
C. 77%; 2%
D. 97%; 3%
Question 4 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following regions has the largest crude oil and
natural gas reserves?
A. North America
B. Central and South America
C. Europe
D. Middle East
Question 5 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the textbook, the world adds about __________
of CO2 to the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion each year, whereas
sustainable, stable amounts would be about __________.
A. 6 billion tons; 1 billion
B. 4 million tons; 1 billion
C. 8 billion tons; 3 billion
D. 4 billion tons; 6 billion
Question 6 of 20 5.0
Points
In 2006 the global oil prices reached slightly above
__________ a barrel.
A. $108
B. $98
C. $88
D. $78
Question 7 of 20 5.0
Points
The advantages of __________ as an energy source are that it
is abundant, versatile, and inexpensive compared with other energy sources.
A. coal
B. hydroelectric power
C. solar power
D. crude oil
Question 8 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following fossil fuels can make a significant
contribution towards improving air quality if employed into the transportation
sector?
A. Crude Oil
B. Coal
C. Natural gas
D. Solar power
Question 9 of 20 5.0
Points
During the 1990s, wind power grew at a rate of __________
while solar energy grew at a rate of __________.
A. 36%; 27%
B. 26%; 17%
C. 17%; 26%
D. 27%; 36%
Question 10 of 20 5.0
Points
Nuclear energy provides about __________ of electricity in
the United States.
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 19%
D. 25%
Question 11 of 20 5.0
Points
The world’s first large-scale nuclear power plant began
operations in:
A. 1947.
B. 1957.
C. 1967.
D. 1977.
Question 12 of 20 5.0
Points
The Yucca mountain nuclear waste repository (proposed in
1988 to be located in Nevada) will not offer permanent storage of nuclear waste
until at least:
A. 2017.
B. 2027.
C. 2037.
D. It began storing waste in 2007.
Question 13 of 20 5.0
Points
According to Michael Renner, the main objective of the war
in Iraq is:
A. to Liberate Iraq.
B. to maintain a cheaper supply of oil.
C. because President Bush wanted to punish President Saddam
Hussain.
D. for unidentified political advancements.
Question 14 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following power technologies has the highest
fuel (thermal) efficiency?
A. Fuel cell
B. Steam electric power plant
C. Nuclear electric power
D. Gas turbine electric power plant
Question 15 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the textbook, Iceland’s proposed hydrogen
economy is driven by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. recent developments in hydrogen fuel cells.
B. the movement to combat global climate change.
C. concerns over the price and supply of oil.
D. ethnic pride.
Question 16 of 20 5.0
Points
All of the following processes are used in biomass energy
technology EXCEPT:
A. radiation.
B. combustion.
C. gasification.
D. pyrolysis.
Question 17 of 20 5.0
Points
The technology that converts solar radiation into
electricity is called __________ energy.
A. fossil fuel
B. hydroelectric
C. nuclear
D. photo-voltaic
Question 18 of 20 5.0
Points
One advantage of hydroelectric power generation is:
A. the production of high-level chemical waste but no
greenhouse gases.
B. very high efficiency converting water to electrical
energy.
C. a wide range of sites for plant construction.
D. low construction costs.
Question 19 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of
hydroelectric power generation?
A. Dam construction causes loss of land suitable for
agriculture.
B. Dam construction prevents upstream migration of fish.
C. Downstream water flow becomes unpredictable and creates
extreme conditions.
D. Drought conditions can affect power production.
Question 20 of 20 5.0
Points
The biggest roadblock for electric cars is:
A. storing the electricity needed to run them.
B. the inefficiency of the electric motor.
C. the lack of usable prototypes.
D. low-volume production.
Exam 4
Question 1 of 20 5.0
Points
The study of ecology focuses specifically on:
A. the world that is all around us.
B. the world of living things in our planet.
C. the mutual relationship between organisms and the natural
world.
D. anything having to do with life.
Question 2 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the text, by 2050, it is believed that
__________ of the earth’s species will become extinct if rain forest
destruction continues.
A. 6%
B. 14%
C. 25%
D. 50%
Question 3 of 20 5.0
Points
Wetlands are important for all of the following reasons
EXCEPT:
A. they provide local habitats for many species of animals
and plants.
B. one-third of endangered or threatened species in the U.S.
live in or are dependent on them.
C. they harbor the majority of the world’s flowering species.
D. they provide purification of local water supplies.
Question 4 of 20 5.0
Points
The percentage of China’s rivers that were severely polluted
in 2000 was __________; in 2002 it was __________.
A. 12%; 20%
B. 22%; 51%
C. 32%; 65%
D. 42%; 71%
Question 5 of 20 5.0
Points
The United States is responsible for __________ of the
world’s total energy consumption.
A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 35%
D. 45%
Question 6 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the article “The Grim Payback of
Greed” our level of consumerism:
A. is essentially a creation of the 20th century.
B. has declined in the West but is growing rapidly in
developing countries.
C. is highly correlated with reported levels of happiness.
D. is tied to our vast wealth, and to forces in the modern
world that encourage people to act on their consumption desires.
Question 7 of 20 5.0
Points
Indirectly, the “meat-eating quarter of humanity”
consumes nearly __________ of the world’s grain.
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 40%
D. 50%
Question 8 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earth’s
surface temperature has risen about __________ in the past century.
A. 1%
B. 5%
C. 10%
D. 12%
Question 9 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the textbook, an individual’s most important
decision that will effect the climate is:
A. the choice to unplug an extra freezer that is rarely
used.
B. looking for the Energy Star on new appliances.
C. selecting a fuel efficient automobile.
D. planting a tree.
Question 10 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following was NOT a founding principle of the
Kyoto Protocol?
A. Scientific uncertainty must not be used to avoid
precautionary action.
B. Nations must have common but differentiated
responsibilities.
C. All nations must be included in the contract for it to
work.
D. Industrial nations must take the lead in addressing the
problem.
Question 11 of 20 5.0
Points
The article “Young at Risk” proposes that the
young of humans and animals are more vulnerable to chemical pollutant exposure
due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT that:
A. their brains are less sensitive than those of mature
humans and animals.
B. the young eat and breathe more for their body weights
than adults, so they get bigger proportional doses of external pollutants.
C. accumulated dioxin slows action to the immune system.
D. they will be getting about 50 times the exposure of an adult
during critical developmental stages.
Question 12 of 20 5.0
Points
The central problem in the international fishing industry
is:
A. “poaching” by foreign vessels in the
territorial waters of small nations.
B. laws restricting fishing in waters with the most abundant
fish populations.
C. the decline in fish populations due to over-fishing,
pollution, and habitat destruction.
D. a lack of enforcement of the Magnuson Fishery
Conservation and Management Act.
Question 13 of 20 5.0
Points
The reauthorization of the Magnuson Act in 1996 focused on
all of the following EXCEPT:
A. overfishing.
B. funding.
C. air quality.
D. habitat degradation.
Question 14 of 20 5.0
Points
According to the text, problems associated with the
Endangered Species Act include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. its use as a “last-chance” approach to saving
endangered species.
B. the creation of conflict between individual property
owners and government regulations concerning species.
C. a lack of public support for the Act.
D. ill-defined categories concerning the level of threat
posed by human activities to individual species.
Question 15 of 20 5.0
Points
Aside from lead, the two air pollutants most hazardous to
human health are:
A. sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
B. ozone and sulfur dioxide.
C. ozone and fine airborne particulates.
D. nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide.
Question 16 of 20 5.0
Points
Which of the following is an ingredient of acid rain?
A. Lead
B. Nitrogen dioxide
C. VOCs
D. Ozone
Question 17 of 20 5.0
Points
The process of searching for new natural medicines is
called:
A. drug testing.
B. bioprospecting.
C. FDA approval seeking.
D. curative compounding.
Question 18 of 20 5.0
Points
The economic value of the rain forest is based upon all of
the following EXCEPT:
A. plants that potentially contain the basis for new
medicines.
B. its value as a source of raw materials.
C. its value as a food source.
D. its value as a fossil fuel source.
Question 19 of 20 5.0
Points
In considering the origins of the top 150 drugs in the
United States, __________ origins account for the greates percentage of drugs.
A. synthetic
B. animal
C. plant
D. marine
Question 20 of 20 5.0
Points
The central problems mentioned in the case study concerning
the Love Canal include all of the following EXCEPT that:
A. developers and the school board knew about the chemical
dump, but proceeded anyway.
B. individual citizens are powerless to make a difference in
situations concerning waste dumping.
C. there are chemical dumps around the U.S. and the world
which are annually increasing. Improved safe dumping and developing/ building
standards need to be carefully created and monitored for safety of citizenry.
D. there are many heavily concentrated chemical dumps close
to the Niagara River and such leaching and damage to the environment similar to
Love Canal could easily again happen.
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