Respond to the items below.
1. Explain customer-perceived value.
2. Explain total customer satisfaction.
3. What valuable functions can brands perform for a firm?
4. Given that the power of a brand resides in the minds of consumers and how it changes their response to marketing, there are two basic approaches to measuring brand equity. Briefly, describe each of these approaches.
5. Incorporating the concepts discussed in this assignment, answer the following: How does a loyal brand community support the positioning and branding of a small business? Provide an example to support your explanation.
This is the end of Assignment 4.
Respond to the items below.
The “form versus function” debate applies in many arenas, including marketing. Some marketers believe that product performance is the end all and be all. Other marketers maintain that the looks, feel, and other design elements of products are what really make the difference.
Take a position:Product functionality is the key to brand success versus product design is the key to brand success.
Prices are often set to satisfy demand or to reflect the premium that consumers are willing to pay for a product or service. Some critics shudder, however, at the thought of $2 bottles of water, $150 running shoes, and $500 concert tickets.
Take a position:Prices should reflect the value that consumers are willing to pay versus prices should primarily just reflect the cost involved in making a product or service.
This is the end of Assignment 8.
Exam 2
Question 1 of 20 5.0 Points
__________ theories hold that certain actions or practices are inherently right or wrong.
A. Consequentialist
B. Utilitarian
C. Deontological
D. Ethical
Question 2 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the textbook, all of the following are true about a person’s possible opposition to technological violations of natural orders EXCEPT:
A. they are sometimes based on concern about long-term consequences of intervention.
B. they can be based on religious beliefs.
C. they often stem from the longevity of a particular practice.
D. they stem from a lack of education.
Question 3 of 20 5.0 Points
Ethical conflict over cases of cross-border and multigenerational pollution is an example of a dispute relating to:
A. violations of established world orders.
B. violations of supposedly exceptionless principles.
C. distribution of science- or technology-related benefits.
D. exposure to significant harm without prior consent.
Question 4 of 20 5.0 Points
Sometimes the availability of technological advances causes individuals to experience conflicts concerning their cherished values. Examples of these conflicts discussed in your textbook include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. the right to the pursuit of happiness.
B. death with dignity.
C. right to privacy.
D. human life preservation.
Question 5 of 20 5.0 Points
A large number of individual acts of negligible adverse impact can result in substantial harm when considered in total. These outcomes are referred to as:
A. public harms of aggregation.
B. conflicts between individual and social justice.
C. practitioner problems.
D. problems of “positive” rights.
Question 6 of 20 5.0 Points
_________ arise primarily inside the spheres of science and technology.
A. Science- or technologically-precipitated value conflicts
B. Science- or technology-engendered “positive rights”
C. Practitioner problems
D. Problems of public aggregation
Question 7 of 20 5.0 Points
Ethical problems related to __________ indicate that freedom of scientific inquiry is not an absolute, unconditional, inviolable right.
A. distributive justices
B. whistle-blowing
C. consideration of long-term effects
D. fraud and misrepresentation
Question 8 of 20 5.0 Points
The text suggests that, ultimately, science- or technology-related courses of action should be granted ethical approval only if:
A. the expected benefits of an action outweigh its expected costs.
B. projected outcomes yield at least as large a surplus of beneficial consequences over harmful consequences as that of any available alternative.
C. the action will make everyone better off, and yield the greatest benefit to those currently in worst positions.
D. the projected harmful consequences are below a set quantitative threshold and are greatly outweighed by their positive counterparts.
Question 9 of 20 5.0 Points
Paul Alcorn maintains that the distinction between human and animal manipulation of the natural environment to create artifacts is:
A. technology.
B. the ethical application of technology.
C. choice.
D. creativity and adaptation.
Question 10 of 20 5.0 Points
According to Paul Alcorn, technology is all of the following EXCEPT:
A. a whole collection of methodology and artificial constructs created by human beings to increase their probability of survival.
B. essentially a means of manipulating natural laws to our benefit by constructing objects and methodology that increases our efficiency and reduces waste in our lives.
C. a way to increase our standard of living by generating more income.
D. is represented by artifacts that are manufactured for specific use.
Question 11 of 20 5.0 Points
__________ is the resistance to changes in our culture that extends to any technological device that may come along; because of this resistance, the passage of time is necessary before a new technology will filter throughout society.
A. Homeostasis
B. Technophobia
C. Psychological trauma
D. Complexity
Question 12 of 20 5.0 Points
Because of __________ some of the elements of a system cannot be seen but can affect the operation of a system; this is important because we must realize that what can’t be seen can still cause harm.
A. complexity
B. dynamics
C. intransparence
D. ignorance and mistaken hypotheses
Question 13 of 20 5.0 Points
According to Tim Healy, the Internet is an example of the unanticipated consequences of technology because:
A. its impact on human behavior is predictable.
B. the ramifications of its influence are negligible.
C. its influence on all humans throughout the 21st century is still unknown.
D. its use is not consistent throughout the world.
Question 14 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following does Healy conclude about the unanticipated consequences of technology?
A. Life is not as complex as we like to think it is.
B. Uncertainty cannot be reduced because there is no way to predict the future.
C. Only significant actions have unanticipated consequences.
D. Short-term and long-term values are often different and contradictory.
Question 15 of 20 5.0 Points
About __________ of processed food that is produced in the United States contains some genetically modified ingredients.
A. 62%
B. 33%
C. 75%
D. 44%
Question 16 of 20 5.0 Points
According to your textbook, the first genetically modified food was produced:
A. 8,000 years ago.
B. in 1994.
C. in 2004.
D. in 2005.
Question 17 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following is NOT a risk of genetically modified foods listed by your textbook?
A. Economic loss by small-scale farmers
B. Economic loss due to longer shelf life of some products
C. Inadvertent death in humans
D. Loss of public trust due to lack of labeling
Question 18 of 20 5.0 Points
Individuals might blow the whistle if they believe:
A. their company is breaking the law.
B. their company is involved in acts that are financially profitable but morally wrong.
C. the actions of the company are potentially dangerous.
D. All of the above
Question 19 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Whistle-blowing often occurs when an individual believes that decision making by a company or the government may be breaking the law.
B. Ethics codes are often too broad to capture the ethical issues that confront companies.
C. Ethical behavior inevitably produces an economic cost to a firm.
D. Whistle-blowers often come from senior positions, since these are the people who have the most control over or have the most knowledge about what is occurring within the corporation.
Question 20 of 20 5.0 Points
It is believed that the Challenger explosion could have been prevented if:
A. the crew inside the Challenger had received more training prior to the mission.
B. if the management team had ignored Boisjoly.
C. if the seal had leaked.
D. the Challenger was sent into space at warmer temperatures.
Exam 3
Part 1 of 1 – 100.0 Points
Question 1 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the textbook, there is a finite amount of time that our civilization can exist based on which of the following?
A. Our civilization is based on non-renewable resources.
B. Our production of nuclear weapons will lead to mass destruction.
C. At the present birth and death rates, our population will outgrow its capacity to feed itself.
D. Plagues and diseases from non-industrialized countries will kill the population.
Question 2 of 20 5.0 Points
Behind the United States, the world’s second largest emitter of energy-related emissions is:
A. Mexico.
B. China.
C. The Soviet Union.
D. Europe.
Question 3 of 20 5.0 Points
In the year 2000, fossil fuels accounted for __________ of energy use while new renewable sources accounted for only __________.
A. 50%; 12%
B. 70%; 5%
C. 77%; 2%
D. 97%; 3%
Question 4 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following regions has the largest crude oil and natural gas reserves?
A. North America
B. Central and South America
C. Europe
D. Middle East
Question 5 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the textbook, the world adds about __________ of CO2 to the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion each year, whereas sustainable, stable amounts would be about __________.
A. 6 billion tons; 1 billion
B. 4 million tons; 1 billion
C. 8 billion tons; 3 billion
D. 4 billion tons; 6 billion
Question 6 of 20 5.0 Points
In 2006 the global oil prices reached slightly above __________ a barrel.
A. $108
B. $98
C. $88
D. $78
Question 7 of 20 5.0 Points
The advantages of __________ as an energy source are that it is abundant, versatile, and inexpensive compared with other energy sources.
A. coal
B. hydroelectric power
C. solar power
D. crude oil
Question 8 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following fossil fuels can make a significant contribution towards improving air quality if employed into the transportation sector?
A. Crude Oil
B. Coal
C. Natural gas
D. Solar power
Question 9 of 20 5.0 Points
During the 1990s, wind power grew at a rate of __________ while solar energy grew at a rate of __________.
A. 36%; 27%
B. 26%; 17%
C. 17%; 26%
D. 27%; 36%
Question 10 of 20 5.0 Points
Nuclear energy provides about __________ of electricity in the United States.
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 19%
D. 25%
Question 11 of 20 5.0 Points
The world’s first large-scale nuclear power plant began operations in:
A. 1947.
B. 1957.
C. 1967.
D. 1977.
Question 12 of 20 5.0 Points
The Yucca mountain nuclear waste repository (proposed in 1988 to be located in Nevada) will not offer permanent storage of nuclear waste until at least:
A. 2017.
B. 2027.
C. 2037.
D. It began storing waste in 2007.
Question 13 of 20 5.0 Points
According to Michael Renner, the main objective of the war in Iraq is:
A. to Liberate Iraq.
B. to maintain a cheaper supply of oil.
C. because President Bush wanted to punish President Saddam Hussain.
D. for unidentified political advancements.
Question 14 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following power technologies has the highest fuel (thermal) efficiency?
A. Fuel cell
B. Steam electric power plant
C. Nuclear electric power
D. Gas turbine electric power plant
Question 15 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the textbook, Iceland’s proposed hydrogen economy is driven by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. recent developments in hydrogen fuel cells.
B. the movement to combat global climate change.
C. concerns over the price and supply of oil.
D. ethnic pride.
Question 16 of 20 5.0 Points
All of the following processes are used in biomass energy technology EXCEPT:
A. radiation.
B. combustion.
C. gasification.
D. pyrolysis.
Question 17 of 20 5.0 Points
The technology that converts solar radiation into electricity is called __________ energy.
A. fossil fuel
B. hydroelectric
C. nuclear
D. photo-voltaic
Question 18 of 20 5.0 Points
One advantage of hydroelectric power generation is:
A. the production of high-level chemical waste but no greenhouse gases.
B. very high efficiency converting water to electrical energy.
C. a wide range of sites for plant construction.
D. low construction costs.
Question 19 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of hydroelectric power generation?
A. Dam construction causes loss of land suitable for agriculture.
B. Dam construction prevents upstream migration of fish.
C. Downstream water flow becomes unpredictable and creates extreme conditions.
D. Drought conditions can affect power production.
Question 20 of 20 5.0 Points
The biggest roadblock for electric cars is:
A. storing the electricity needed to run them.
B. the inefficiency of the electric motor.
C. the lack of usable prototypes.
D. low-volume production.
Exam 4
Question 1 of 20 5.0 Points
The study of ecology focuses specifically on:
A. the world that is all around us.
B. the world of living things in our planet.
C. the mutual relationship between organisms and the natural world.
D. anything having to do with life.
Question 2 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the text, by 2050, it is believed that __________ of the earth’s species will become extinct if rain forest destruction continues.
A. 6%
B. 14%
C. 25%
D. 50%
Question 3 of 20 5.0 Points
Wetlands are important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
A. they provide local habitats for many species of animals and plants.
B. one-third of endangered or threatened species in the U.S. live in or are dependent on them.
C. they harbor the majority of the world’s flowering species.
D. they provide purification of local water supplies.
Question 4 of 20 5.0 Points
The percentage of China’s rivers that were severely polluted in 2000 was __________; in 2002 it was __________.
A. 12%; 20%
B. 22%; 51%
C. 32%; 65%
D. 42%; 71%
Question 5 of 20 5.0 Points
The United States is responsible for __________ of the world’s total energy consumption.
A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 35%
D. 45%
Question 6 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the article “The Grim Payback of Greed” our level of consumerism:
A. is essentially a creation of the 20th century.
B. has declined in the West but is growing rapidly in developing countries.
C. is highly correlated with reported levels of happiness.
D. is tied to our vast wealth, and to forces in the modern world that encourage people to act on their consumption desires.
Question 7 of 20 5.0 Points
Indirectly, the “meat-eating quarter of humanity” consumes nearly __________ of the world’s grain.
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 40%
D. 50%
Question 8 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earth’s surface temperature has risen about __________ in the past century.
A. 1%
B. 5%
C. 10%
D. 12%
Question 9 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the textbook, an individual’s most important decision that will effect the climate is:
A. the choice to unplug an extra freezer that is rarely used.
B. looking for the Energy Star on new appliances.
C. selecting a fuel efficient automobile.
D. planting a tree.
Question 10 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following was NOT a founding principle of the Kyoto Protocol?
A. Scientific uncertainty must not be used to avoid precautionary action.
B. Nations must have common but differentiated responsibilities.
C. All nations must be included in the contract for it to work.
D. Industrial nations must take the lead in addressing the problem.
Question 11 of 20 5.0 Points
The article “Young at Risk” proposes that the young of humans and animals are more vulnerable to chemical pollutant exposure due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT that:
A. their brains are less sensitive than those of mature humans and animals.
B. the young eat and breathe more for their body weights than adults, so they get bigger proportional doses of external pollutants.
C. accumulated dioxin slows action to the immune system.
D. they will be getting about 50 times the exposure of an adult during critical developmental stages.
Question 12 of 20 5.0 Points
The central problem in the international fishing industry is:
A. “poaching” by foreign vessels in the territorial waters of small nations.
B. laws restricting fishing in waters with the most abundant fish populations.
C. the decline in fish populations due to over-fishing, pollution, and habitat destruction.
D. a lack of enforcement of the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act.
Question 13 of 20 5.0 Points
The reauthorization of the Magnuson Act in 1996 focused on all of the following EXCEPT:
A. overfishing.
B. funding.
C. air quality.
D. habitat degradation.
Question 14 of 20 5.0 Points
According to the text, problems associated with the Endangered Species Act include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. its use as a “last-chance” approach to saving endangered species.
B. the creation of conflict between individual property owners and government regulations concerning species.
C. a lack of public support for the Act.
D. ill-defined categories concerning the level of threat posed by human activities to individual species.
Question 15 of 20 5.0 Points
Aside from lead, the two air pollutants most hazardous to human health are:
A. sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
B. ozone and sulfur dioxide.
C. ozone and fine airborne particulates.
D. nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide.
Question 16 of 20 5.0 Points
Which of the following is an ingredient of acid rain?
A. Lead
B. Nitrogen dioxide
C. VOCs
D. Ozone
Question 17 of 20 5.0 Points
The process of searching for new natural medicines is called:
A. drug testing.
B. bioprospecting.
C. FDA approval seeking.
D. curative compounding.
Question 18 of 20 5.0 Points
The economic value of the rain forest is based upon all of the following EXCEPT:
A. plants that potentially contain the basis for new medicines.
B. its value as a source of raw materials.
C. its value as a food source.
D. its value as a fossil fuel source.
Question 19 of 20 5.0 Points
In considering the origins of the top 150 drugs in the United States, __________ origins account for the greates percentage of drugs.
A. synthetic
B. animal
C. plant
D. marine
Question 20 of 20 5.0 Points
The central problems mentioned in the case study concerning the Love Canal include all of the following EXCEPT that:
A. developers and the school board knew about the chemical dump, but proceeded anyway.
B. individual citizens are powerless to make a difference in situations concerning waste dumping.
C. there are chemical dumps around the U.S. and the world which are annually increasing. Improved safe dumping and developing/ building standards need to be carefully created and monitored for safety of citizenry.
D. there are many heavily concentrated chemical dumps close to the Niagara River and such leaching and damage to the environment similar to Love Canal could easily again happen.
]
Exam 6
Question 1 of 20 5.0 Points
The company that put the “stealth” in the stealth bomber was:
A. Lockheed Martin.
B. Grumman.
C. Northrup.
D. Boeing.
Question 2 of 20 5.0 Points
An institution which controls the shape, price, use, and availability of a technology is called a:
A. sponsor.
B. Dominant Regulator.
C. Monopolistic Maker.
D. distributer.
Question 3 of 20 5.0 Points
If a company produces something and is able to dominate the market as a result, that company would be called:
